Section 1 of 5
The Court Has Ruled
The legislation, the judgments and the regulatory instruments that now govern pedigree breeding — attributed and dated.
-
The standard runs to a few hundred words, and every clause in it is amendable by committee.
Photo: Antonio Friedemann / PexelsLeading this section
What the Borgarting Court Actually Decided
A close reading of the 2023 Norwegian appeal-court ruling that found English bulldog and cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding in breach of the Animal Welfare Act — the parties, the grounds and the earlier 2022 district judgment it confirmed. The piece works from the published judgment text, not secondary reporting.
The Dutch Centimetre: How the Netherlands Set a Muzzle Floor in 2019
The specific Dutch regulatory instrument that prohibits breeding dogs below a minimum relative muzzle length, with its measurement definition and the breeds it named.
The Court Has Ruled
Lucy's Law and Its Scottish and Welsh Counterparts
The 2020 England prohibition on third-party puppy and kitten sales, the Scottish and Welsh equivalents, and what the legislation changed for licensed pet shops and dealers.
The Court Has Ruled
§11b and the Concept of Qualzucht
Germany's Tierschutzgesetz §11b, which prohibits breeding animals whose offspring predictably suffer — the statutory definition of Qualzucht (torture breeding), how it has been applied to specific morphologies and the prosecutions or rulings it has generated.
The Court Has Ruled
The XL Bully Ban: A Dated Sequence
The UK's 2023–24 addition of the XL bully type to the Dangerous Dogs Act — the announcement, the interim period, the registration cut-off and the prohibition date — set out as a chronology against the statutory instruments.
The Court Has Ruled
The 2018 Regulations That Rewrote the Licence
The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) Regulations 2018 — what they replaced, the star-rating system they introduced for dog breeders, and how the licence threshold of five litters per year is calculated and audited.
The Court Has Ruled
-
The Court Has Ruled
The Paperwork and the Routes Around It
EU pet-movement rules as they apply to dogs crossing into the UK post-2021 — the required documentation, the age and vaccination requirements, and the documented illegal import routes that welfare organisations have logged with named border crossings.
